64Part ILinux First StepsThis step changes (Java web server) the permissions
64Part ILinux First StepsThis step changes the permissions of the directory to give you complete access andeveryone else no access at all. (The new permissions should read like rwx——.) 5.Last, make the test directory your current directory as follows: $ cd testUsing Metacharacters and OperatorsTo make efficient use of your shell, the bash shell lets you use certain special char- acters, referred to as metacharacters and operators. Metacharacters can help youmatch one or more files without typing each file completely. Operators let youdirect information from one command or file to another command or file. Using File-Matching MetacharactersTo save you some keystrokes and to be able to refer easily to a group of files, thebash shell lets you use metacharacters. Anytime you need to refer to a file or direc- tory, such as to list it, open it, or remove it, you can use metacharacters to matchthe files you want. Here are some useful metacharacters for matching filenames: .* Matches any number of characters. .? Matches any one character. .[…] Matches any one of the characters between the brackets, which caninclude a dash-separated range of letters or numbers. Identifying DirectoriesWhen you need to identify your home directory on a shell command line, you can use thefollowing: .$HOME This environment variable stores your home directory name. .~ The tilde (~) represents your home directory on the command line. You can also use the tilde to identify someone else s home directory. For example, ~chriswould be expanded to the chrishome directory (probably /home/chris). Other special ways of identifying directories in the shell include the following: .. A single dot (.) refers to the current directory. … Two dots (..) refers to a directory directly above the current directory. .$PWD This environment variable refers to the current working directory. .$OLDPWD This environment variable refers to the previous working directory beforeyou changed to the current one.
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